The importance of the internet and the digital sphere as a whole has increased massively in recent years. Hardly any part of our lives can do without digital elements. Free, open, and unbiased orientation in the digital world, just as in the physical world, is a prerequisite for the free development of personality, knowledge, the economy, and much more.
Power asymmetries and lack of diversity
Approximately 94 percent of all search queries in Europe are made via Google. Such power in the hands of one company is considered to distort competition and poses a risk of abuse and manipulation. The more users a search engine has, the greater its influence on the results. Europe’s dependence on a search engine monopoly also poses a social and political risk. After all, the economy, education, research, and culture need diversity to thrive— including diversity in the digital space.
Lack of transparency and algorithmic distortions
When it comes to digital searches, we currently rely on individual network monopolies that do not allow us any insight into their search algorithms and data pools. This opens the door to intentional or unintentional manipulation and abuse. In addition, there are concerns about discriminatory effects and algorithmic bias [1] and criticism of search engines’ auto-suggest functions [2], whose impact is amplified by market power.
[1] See for example: Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York, USA: New York University Press.
[2] Among others in Graham, Rosie (2023). The ethical dimensions of Google autocomplete. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20539517231156518